Writing a year on a title page, a date for an engraving, or a chapter number — and stuck on whether 49 is XLIX or something else? This free roman numeral converter turns whole numbers into Roman numerals and reads Roman numerals back into numbers, instantly. It works both ways, shows you the breakdown, and runs entirely in your browser, so nothing is uploaded and no signup is needed.
How to use this roman numeral converter
Three quick steps — no signup, no cost.
Choose Number to Roman to write a numeral, or Roman to Number to read one back.
Enter a whole number from 1 to 3999, or a numeral like MCMXCIV. Lowercase letters work too.
See the answer with its parts — for example, 1994 as M + CM + XC + IV — and copy it. That is all.
Why this roman numeral converter catches bad numerals
Seven letters, six subtraction pairs — and honest limits.
Write 2026 as MMXXVI, or paste MMXXVI and get 2026 back — one tool for homework, tattoos, and title pages alike.
Every answer breaks into place values, so you can check it yourself instead of trusting a black box.
IIII, VV, and IC are flagged with the correct form beside them, instead of being silently guessed at.
Your input never leaves your device, because the conversion runs entirely in your browser.
The six pairs that trip everyone up
Most Roman numeral mistakes come from one rule applied too broadly.
Only six subtractions exist. A smaller symbol before a larger one subtracts — but only in IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900). You cannot subtract any smaller symbol from any larger one, which is why 99 is XCIX (XC + IX), never IC.
Repetition has a limit. I, X, C, and M may repeat up to three times in a row; V, L, and D never repeat. That is why 4 is IV, not IIII — the clock-face IIII is an old additive exception, not the standard form.
There is no zero. Roman numerals cover whole numbers only, with no symbol for zero and no way to write a fraction or decimal. Standard notation also stops at 3999 (MMMCMXCIX); larger values traditionally need a bar over the numeral, which most everyday converters do not draw.
Roman Numeral Converter FAQs
Short, direct answers to the questions readers ask most.
Convert the day, month, and year separately and join them with dots or slashes — for example, 15 March 2024 becomes XV.III.MMXXIV in day-month order.
Because a symbol repeats at most three times in standard form, so four uses subtraction: I before V means 5 minus 1. IIII survives on some clock faces as an old additive spelling, but it is not the standard form.
Only I before V or X, X before L or C, and C before D or M are valid subtractions. I before C is not one of them, so 99 is built place by place as XC (90) plus IX (9).
3999, written MMMCMXCIX. Larger values traditionally use a bar over a numeral to multiply it by 1000, which this converter does not draw, so it stops at the standard limit rather than guessing.
No. The system has no zero symbol and no decimals or fractions — it covers whole numbers from 1 upward only.
Yes. It runs entirely in your browser — no account, no signup, and nothing uploaded.
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